Cicada wing pattern

Cicada wings display intricate venation patterns and anti-reflective properties, crucial for flight and acoustic camouflage.

About this subject

Cicadas (Cicadidae) have two pairs of membranous wings, with the forewing usually larger and more rigid than the hindwing. The wing venation forms a characteristic reticulated pattern that varies among species and can be used for taxonomic identification. This pattern is not merely aesthetic: the vein arrangement reinforces the structure to withstand flight stresses, making cicada flight one of the most efficient among insects.

Beyond mechanical function, cicada wings exhibit nanostructures that confer anti-reflective and hydrophobic properties. These structures, called 'nanopillars,' reduce light reflection and hinder water and microorganism adhesion. Studies suggest this trait may have evolved as a form of acoustic camouflage, decreasing wing noise during flight and protecting cicadas from predators such as birds and wasps.

Interestingly, the wings of some cicadas also display iridescent colors resulting from light interference in thin films. This phenomenon does not rely on pigments but on the thickness and refractive index of wing layers. Iridescence may play roles in intraspecific communication or thermoregulation. Periodical cicadas, which emerge in massive numbers every 13 or 17 years, have translucent wings with orange or green veins, a pattern that stands out against vegetation.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why are cicada wings considered anti-reflective?

Cicada wings have nanopillars that create a refractive index gradient, reducing light reflection. This property is studied for applications in optical materials and coatings.

Can cicada wings be used to identify the species?

Yes. The wing venation pattern is unique to each species and, together with genital and sound characteristics, is an important tool in cicada taxonomy.

Do cicadas use their wings to produce sound?

No. The characteristic sound is produced by tymbals located on the abdomen. Wings are only for flight and protection against predators.