Chinese cash coins string

Discover the history of Chinese cash coins, their origins in the Qin dynasty and their central role in China's economy and culture for millennia.

About this subject

Chinese cash coins, known as 'wen' or 'li', were the primary form of currency in China for over two millennia. Their origins date back to the 4th century BC during the Warring States period, but it was under the Qin dynasty (221-206 BC) that Emperor Qin Shi Huang standardized the coinage, introducing the iconic round shape with a square hole in the center. This design persisted for centuries, symbolizing the union of heaven (round) and earth (square) in Chinese cosmology.

The coins were cast in bronze or brass, usually in batches that were later separated. The square hole allowed them to be strung on cords, forming the traditional 'strings' of cash coins. Each string typically contained 100, 500, or 1000 coins, making transport and counting easier. This practice gave rise to the phrase 'a string of coins' as a unit of value.

Culturally, cash coins are often associated with good luck and prosperity. They are used in amulets, especially during Chinese New Year, and hung on doors or bracelets to attract fortune. It is believed that ancient coins possess yang energy and can neutralize negative influences. They are also common in feng shui rituals.

With the fall of the Chinese empire, cash coins gradually gave way to modern coinage in the early 20th century, but they continue to be cast and sold as replicas for decorative and collectible purposes. Today, they are valuable items for numismatists, with rare coins from specific dynasties fetching high prices at international auctions.

Frequently Asked Questions

How were Chinese cash coins made?

They were cast in bronze or clay molds, usually in batches. After cooling, the coins were separated manually and the holes were cleared.

What is the meaning of the square hole in cash coins?

The square hole represents the earth, while the round shape symbolizes heaven, reflecting Chinese cosmology. It also allowed coins to be strung on cords for transport.

Are cash coins still used today?

Not as legal tender, but they are widely used in cultural practices as good luck charms, decorations, and for numismatic collecting.