Cell sorting facs machine

Discover the FACS cell sorting machine, essential for isolating specific cell populations in biomedical research and diagnostics.

About this subject

Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) is a technique that uses flow cytometry to classify and isolate individual cells based on their physical properties and fluorescence. The instrument, known as a cell sorter, directs a stream of suspended cells through a laser beam, where detectors measure scattered light and fluorescence emitted by each cell. Based on these signals, the system decides whether to collect, discard, or sort cells into specific containers, using electric fields to deflect droplets containing the desired cells.

FACS technology was developed in the 1960s and revolutionized cell biology and medicine. It allows the purification of rare cell subtypes, such as stem cells, specific immune cells, or circulating tumor cells. In immunological research, FACS is essential for characterizing lymphocytes and identifying cell populations in autoimmune diseases or infections. In oncology, it helps analyze tumor heterogeneity and select cells for personalized therapies.

The process begins by labeling cells with fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies that bind to surface antigens. The cell suspension is pressurized and forms a laminar flow passing through a vibrating nozzle, creating droplets. At the laser interrogation point, the fluorescence of each fluorochrome is measured. The electronic system analyzes data in real time and applies an electrical charge to droplets containing target cells. Deflection plates then divert these droplets into collection tubes, while non-selected ones go to waste.

Modern FACS machines can sort thousands of cells per second with high purity and viability. They are equipped with multiple lasers and detectors, allowing simultaneous analysis of up to 30 parameters per cell. Recent advances include integration with microfluidics and machine learning software to optimize sorting. FACS remains an indispensable tool in basic, applied, and clinical research laboratories worldwide.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does FACS stand for?

FACS stands for Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting. It is a technique that uses lasers and fluorescence detection to classify individual cells in suspension.

What are the main medical applications of FACS?

FACS is used to purify stem cells, isolate lymphocyte subtypes for diagnosis of immune diseases, detect circulating tumor cells, and select cells for cell therapies such as CAR-T.

What is the difference between flow cytometry and FACS?

Flow cytometry analyzes and characterizes cells but does not physically separate them. FACS extends this by physically sorting cells of interest into separate tubes for downstream use.