Acropolis athens panorama

The Acropolis of Athens is the ultimate symbol of Ancient Greece and a UNESCO World Heritage site, with the Parthenon as its most iconic monument.

About this subject

The Acropolis of Athens is an archaeological complex on a limestone outcrop in the heart of the Greek capital. Its name means 'high city' and it has been inhabited since Mycenaean times (1600-1100 BC). The architectural ensemble we see today was mainly built in the 5th century BC under Pericles after the Greek victory in the Persian Wars.

The Parthenon, a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena, is the most famous structure. Designed by architects Ictinus and Callicrates and sculpted by Phidias, it is a prime example of Doric order with refined proportions. Other notable buildings include the Erechtheion with its Porch of the Caryatids and the Temple of Athena Nike. The Acropolis was severely damaged by a gunpowder explosion in 1687 during the Venetian-Ottoman siege.

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 1987, the Acropolis attracts millions of visitors annually. Ongoing excavations and restorations (like the Acropolis Restoration Project since 1975) aim to preserve its integrity. The Acropolis Museum, opened in 2009, houses many original artifacts, including the Parthenon Marbles, whose repatriation from Britain remains controversial.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is the Acropolis of Athens so important?

It is the ultimate symbol of classical Greek civilization, representing the development of democracy, philosophy, and arts. Its temples, especially the Parthenon, are landmarks of Western architecture.

What caused the damage to the Parthenon?

The Parthenon was severely damaged in 1687 when a gunpowder store inside the temple exploded during a Venetian bombardment. It also suffered from weathering and the removal of sculptures by Lord Elgin in the early 19th century.

Where are the Parthenon Marbles originally?

A large portion of the marbles is in the British Museum in London, removed by Lord Elgin. Greece claims their repatriation, while the UK argues they were legally acquired.