Acropolis athens panorama

Panoramic view of the Acropolis of Athens, the most emblematic archaeological site of Ancient Greece, featuring the Parthenon and classical temples.

About this subject

The Acropolis of Athens is a complex of temples and public buildings erected on a rocky hill in the center of the Greek capital. Its occupation dates back to the Neolithic period, but the construction peak occurred in the 5th century BC under Pericles' rule, when the Parthenon, Erechtheion, Propylaea, and Temple of Athena Nike were built. The Parthenon, dedicated to the goddess Athena, is the ultimate symbol of Doric architecture and once housed a chryselephantine statue of the goddess, now lost.

Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987, the Acropolis has endured centuries of transformations: it served as a Byzantine church, an Ottoman mosque, and suffered explosions during wars. The famous sunset viewed from the hill attracts millions of visitors each year, who ascend the sacred way to the illuminated monuments.

The site is also central to the history of Athenian democracy. On the slopes of the Acropolis lay the Agora, where citizens debated politics. Today, the Acropolis Museum, opened in 2009, displays original sculptures and architectural fragments in a modern building with a direct view of the site.

A notable fact: the Parthenon Marbles have been the subject of international controversy since Lord Elgin removed parts in the early 19th century, now housed in the British Museum. Greece demands their return, while plaster replicas fill the empty spaces in the temple.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the origin of the Acropolis of Athens?

The Acropolis has been inhabited since the Neolithic period, but its major constructions like the Parthenon date from the 5th century BC, during Pericles' golden age.

What can I see at the Acropolis Museum?

The museum displays original sculptures, friezes, and artifacts from the archaeological site. Highlights include the Caryatids and the Parthenon frieze. The view of the Acropolis is stunning.

Why are the Parthenon Marbles in the United Kingdom?

Lord Elgin removed the pieces in the early 19th century when Greece was part of the Ottoman Empire. They are now in the British Museum, sparking a diplomatic dispute over repatriation.