Calculadora de Eletronegatividade
- Created by
- Renato Passos, Eng. de Software
- Reviewed by
- Renato Passos, Eng. de Software
Last updated: Apr 18, 2026
Formula
Δχ < 0.5 → apolar ; 0.5–1.7 → polar ; > 1.7 → iônico
About this calculator
The Electronegativity Calculator determines the electronegativity difference between two chemical elements based on the Pauling scale. This difference, represented by Δχ, is calculated by subtracting the absolute values: Δχ = |χ_A − χ_B|. The result classifies the chemical bond into three types: nonpolar (Δχ < 0.5), polar (0.5 ≤ Δχ ≤ 1.7), or ionic (Δχ > 1.7). This tool is essential for chemistry students and professionals who need to predict bond nature in molecules.
How to use the calculator: select two elements from the provided periodic table or manually enter electronegativity values. The tool instantly calculates the difference and displays the bond classification. For example, the H, H bond has Δχ = 0 (nonpolar), while H, F has Δχ = 1.78 (ionic). Correct usage helps understand properties like polarity, solubility, and chemical reactivity.
When to use: in general chemistry studies, when analyzing molecules to predict polarity, in planning chemical reactions, or in educational exercises. Cautions: remember that the Pauling scale is an approximation; bonds with Δχ close to 1.7 may show intermediate character. Also, classification may vary depending on context (e.g., bonds in organic compounds).
Frequently asked questions
What is electronegativity?
Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. The Pauling scale is the most used, with values ranging from 0.7 (Fr) to 4.0 (F).
How do I know if a bond is ionic or covalent?
Use the electronegativity difference: Δχ > 1.7 indicates ionic bond; Δχ between 0.5 and 1.7 indicates polar covalent; Δχ < 0.5 indicates nonpolar covalent.
Can I use this calculator for organic compounds?
Yes, but remember the classification is approximate. C, H bonds (Δχ ≈ 0.4) are considered nonpolar, but in some contexts they may have a slightly polar character.
What does Δχ = 0 mean?
It means the two atoms have the same electronegativity, resulting in a nonpolar covalent bond, such as in O2 or N2.
Is the Pauling scale the only one?
No, there are other scales, such as Mulliken and Allred-Rochow. The Pauling scale is the most common for bond classification.