Pelican flying low water

Pelicans fly low over water to fish and save energy, behavior captured with long exposure.

About this subject

Pelicans are large water birds known for their long beaks with a distensible pouch. There are eight species distributed globally, except Antarctica. They are not native to Brazil but are common in North America, Europe, Africa, and Asia. The species most often portrayed flying low over water is the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) or the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis).

Flying close to the water surface is an adaptive strategy. Pelicans use ground effect, which reduces aerodynamic drag and allows gliding with less energy expenditure. This technique is common during long-distance travel or when approaching schools of fish. Flying low also helps them surprise prey, though actual capture occurs through dives or lateral sweeps with the bill.

Plumage is typically white or grayish, with dark wingtips. In flight, broad and straight wings provide efficient lift. The wingspan can reach 3 meters in the American white pelican, one of the largest among flying birds. Long exposure photography, with slow shutter speeds, transforms the flapping wings into smooth blur, highlighting the fluid motion and interaction with water reflections.

Globally, pelicans inhabit coastal zones and inland lakes. The brown pelican is common along the coasts of the Americas, while the American white pelican lives in inland lakes of North America. In Europe and Africa, the great white pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus) and the Dalmatian pelican (Pelecanus crispus) stand out. These birds are important indicators of aquatic ecosystem health.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do pelicans fly so low over water?

They fly low to use ground effect, which reduces drag and saves energy, and also to approach prey closely while fishing.

What is the function of the pouch on a pelican's beak?

The gular pouch acts as a net to catch fish. The pelican dips its beak into the water, expands the pouch to trap water and fish, then drains the water before swallowing the prey.

Where can pelicans be found worldwide?

Pelicans are found on every continent except Antarctica, inhabiting coastal areas, lakes, and rivers. Notable species include the American white pelican (North America), brown pelican (Americas), and great white pelican (Europe, Africa, Asia).