Centipede macro detail

A macro detail of a centipede reveals a segmented exoskeleton and numerous pairs of legs, hallmark features of arthropods in the class Chilopoda.

About this subject

Centipedes are arthropods belonging to the class Chilopoda, characterized by elongated, segmented bodies with one pair of legs per segment. Unlike millipedes, which have two pairs per segment, centipedes are agile predators, using modified front appendages called forcipules to inject venom into prey such as insects and spiders. They are found on every continent except Antarctica, inhabiting moist soil, leaf litter, and under rocks or logs. The largest known species, the Amazonian giant centipede (Scolopendra gigantea), can reach 30 cm in length and feed on small vertebrates like lizards and rodents. Despite the fear they inspire, most species are harmless to humans, though bites can cause intense pain and local swelling. Interestingly, centipedes have simple compound eyes or are blind, depending on the species, and rely on antennae to sense vibrations and odors. In Brazil, they are common in tropical regions and often confused with "lacraias" (a popular term for venomous centipedes). Studying these animals aids in biological pest control, as they consume many invertebrates considered harmful.

Frequently Asked Questions

How many legs does a centipede have?

The number varies by species and developmental stage. Adult centipedes can have between 15 and 191 pairs of legs, always an odd number of pairs (except in a few rare species).

Are centipedes dangerous to humans?

Most centipedes are not seriously dangerous. Their bite can cause localized pain, redness, and swelling, but medical attention is rarely needed unless an allergic reaction occurs.

What is the difference between centipedes and millipedes?

Centipedes have one pair of legs per body segment, are predatory, and fast-moving. Millipedes have two pairs per segment, are detritivores (feeding on decaying organic matter), and slow.