Turquoise polished

Turquoise is a blue-green mineral composed of hydrated copper and aluminum phosphate, used as a gemstone since antiquity.

About this subject

Turquoise is an opaque mineral ranging from blue to greenish-blue, belonging to the phosphate group. Its chemical formula is CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O, and its characteristic color is due to copper. Significant deposits are found in Iran (ancient Persia), China, the United States (Arizona, Nevada), Egypt, and Mexico. Persians called it 'pirouzeh' (victory), and Egyptians mined it in Sinai over 5000 years ago. In Navajo culture, turquoise is considered sacred and associated with sky and water. It is relatively soft (5-6 on Mohs scale) and porous, requiring care to avoid absorbing oils and chemicals. Quality is judged by color (intense sky blue is most valuable), lack of matrix (host rock inclusions), and polish. Synthetic turquoise and imitations (like dyed howlite) are common in the market. The gem is also used in tribal and contemporary jewelry, and its use as a protective amulet is documented in many cultures.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the origin of the name turquoise?

The name comes from the French 'pierre turquoise' (Turkish stone), because the first gems reached Europe via Turkey, although they were mined in Persia.

Is turquoise a fragile stone?

Yes, it has a hardness of 5-6 on the Mohs scale and is porous, so it can scratch or stain easily. It should be protected from chemicals and heat.

How to identify real turquoise?

Natural turquoise has uneven color, porosity, and may show dark veins (matrix). Simple tests include heating (synthetic turquoise may change color) and observation under UV light.