Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in countryside

Scene of a sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset, a common practice in São Paulo agribusiness.

About this subject

Controlled burning of sugarcane is a traditional agricultural technique in São Paulo state, Brazil's largest sugarcane producer. Performed before manual harvesting, burning removes straw and dry leaves, making cutting easier and increasing productivity. However, this practice generates air pollution and contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. Since 2007, the Agroenvironmental Protocol of São Paulo's sugar-energy sector has mandated the gradual elimination of burns, replacing them with mechanical harvesting. Currently, over 90% of sugarcane harvested in São Paulo is done without burning, but the technique persists in steep slopes or areas where mechanization is unfeasible. The sunset in the countryside, with controlled fire, creates a striking visual contrast between the orange sky and flames, but also highlights the environmental challenges of agribusiness.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is sugarcane burned before harvesting?

Controlled burning removes straw and dry leaves, making manual cutting easier and reducing the risk of accidents with venomous animals. It also increases sucrose concentration in the stalks.

Is sugarcane burning legal?

Yes, but with restrictions. In São Paulo, the Agroenvironmental Protocol set deadlines for the gradual elimination of burns, which must cease completely by 2030 in mechanizable areas.

What are the environmental impacts of sugarcane burning?

Burning releases soot, carbon monoxide, and other pollutants, affecting air quality and respiratory health. It also contributes to global warming by emitting greenhouse gases.