Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in countryside

Controlled burn in a sugarcane field at sunset in São Paulo countryside, a technique used to facilitate manual harvesting of sugarcane.

About this subject

Controlled burning in sugarcane fields is a common agricultural practice in São Paulo state, Brazil's largest sugarcane producer. The technique involves setting fire to dry leaves to remove impurities and drive away venomous animals like snakes and spiders, protecting manual harvesters. Although controversial due to pollutant emissions, burning is still permitted in areas where mechanical harvesting is unfeasible, such as steep slopes. About 30% of São Paulo's sugarcane is still manually harvested, according to the Sugarcane Industry Union (UNICA).

The fire is controlled by trained teams that create firebreaks (strips cleared of vegetation) to prevent flames from spreading to neighboring areas. Burning typically occurs in late afternoon when humidity is higher and winds are milder, reducing risks. The sunset, with its orange hues, is a frequent backdrop for this activity, which has become part of the cultural landscape of the São Paulo countryside.

Sugarcane is one of Brazil's main agribusiness crops. Brazil is the world's largest producer, with an annual harvest exceeding 600 million tons. São Paulo state accounts for more than half of this production, primarily destined for ethanol and sugar manufacturing. However, burning is gradually being replaced by mechanical harvesting, driven by state laws and environmental pressures. Since 2007, the Agro-Environmental Protocol of the sugarcane sector has aimed to eliminate all burning by 2031.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is controlled burning used in sugarcane fields?

Burning removes dry leaves and drives away venomous animals, protecting workers during manual harvesting.

Is controlled burning legal?

Yes, but it is regulated. In São Paulo, the Agro-Environmental Protocol aims to phase it out by 2031.

What is the difference between controlled burning and a wildfire?

Controlled burning is planned with firebreaks and monitoring, while a wildfire is uncontrolled and destructive.