Spear fishing gun

The speargun is the primary tool for spearfishing, used by sport and professional fishers worldwide to selectively and sustainably catch fish.

About this subject

The speargun is a mechanical device designed to fire a spear underwater. It operates either by elastic bands (band-powered) or compressed air (pneumatic). Band-powered models use rubber bands that, when stretched and released, propel the shaft; pneumatic models use compressed air in a cylinder, offering greater power and range. The choice between them depends on the diver's preference and fishing conditions.

Historically, the first spearguns appeared in the late 19th century, with patents filed in France and the United States. During the 1940s, the equipment was improved by divers such as Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Émile Gagnan, who helped popularize spearfishing as a sport. Today, technology includes materials like carbon fiber and anodized aluminum, reducing weight and increasing corrosion resistance.

Spearfishing with a speargun is regulated in many countries. In Brazil, it is allowed only for sport and subsistence purposes, with restrictions on species, sizes, and closed seasons. The practice is especially common along the Southeast and Northeast coasts, where species like grouper, amberjack, and yellowtail snapper are frequent targets. Free divers use the speargun while holding their breath, combining approach technique and shooting precision.

Interesting facts: Unlike net or line fishing, the speargun allows individual selection of fish, minimizing bycatch. In countries like Australia and New Zealand, spearfishing is considered one of the most sustainable fishing methods, as it requires the diver to catch only what they will consume. World spearfishing championships are organized by the World Underwater Federation (CMAS), with strict rules on safety and marine conservation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a pneumatic and a band-powered speargun?

A pneumatic speargun uses compressed air to fire the spear, offering higher power and range, but requires more frequent maintenance. A band-powered speargun uses rubber bands that are manually stretched; it is simpler, quieter, and more reliable, making it ideal for beginners.

Is spearfishing with a speargun legal in Brazil? What are the rules?

Yes, it is allowed for sport and subsistence fishing, provided IBAMA regulations are followed. The use of scuba gear (tanks) in combination with a speargun is prohibited except in specific categories. There are also catch limits per species and closed seasons.

How to choose a speargun for beginners?

For beginners, a band-powered model with a length between 75 cm and 90 cm is recommended, as it is easier to handle and maintain. Choose reputable brands and materials such as aluminum or fiberglass. It is also important to purchase a line reel and a stainless steel shaft with a flopper or single-point tip.