Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in countryside

Controlled burn in a sugarcane field in São Paulo countryside, an agricultural practice that prepares the sugarcane harvest.

About this subject

Controlled burning of sugarcane is a traditional technique used in Brazil, especially in São Paulo state, which concentrates the largest national production. Fire is applied in a planned manner to eliminate dry leaves and straw, making manual or mechanized cutting easier. Although efficient, this practice generates air pollution and health risks, and is gradually being replaced by mechanized harvesting in flat areas. However, in steep slopes where machines cannot operate, fire is still used. The sunset in the background creates a striking visual contrast between the flames and the sky, but the image also captures a moment of controlled tension, with teams monitoring the fire to prevent it from spreading to neighboring areas. Sugarcane is the basis for producing sugar, ethanol, and bioelectricity, a sector that moves billions of reais annually in Brazil.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is sugarcane burned before harvest?

Burning removes dry leaves and straw, making manual or mechanized cutting easier, reducing the risk of accidents with venomous animals, and increasing productivity.

Is controlled burning allowed by law?

Yes, but it is regulated by environmental agencies. In São Paulo, Law 11.241/2002 establishes rules and prohibits burning in mechanizable areas, with deadlines for gradual elimination.

What are the environmental impacts of sugarcane burning?

It emits polluting gases such as CO2 and particulate matter, contributing to respiratory problems. It also removes organic matter from the soil and affects local fauna.