Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in countryside

Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in São Paulo countryside, a traditional agricultural practice under debate.

About this subject

Controlled burning of sugarcane straw is a historical agricultural practice in Brazil, especially in São Paulo state, the country's largest sugarcane producer. Performed before manual harvesting, burning removes dry leaves and venomous animals, making cutting easier and increasing worker productivity. However, this technique has significant environmental impacts: it releases large amounts of smoke and particulate matter, contributing to air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions.

The landscape of a burning sugarcane field at sunset, as depicted, is becoming increasingly rare due to mechanized harvesting. State Law 11.241/2002 sets deadlines for the gradual elimination of burning in mechanizable areas, with a complete ban expected by 2031. In steep slopes or small plots where machines cannot operate, burning is still allowed under license.

Sugarcane has been cultivated in Brazil since colonial times, and São Paulo state accounts for about 60% of national production. Controlled burning, though declining, remains controversial between producers, who argue for safety and cost, and environmentalists, who point to health and climate damage. The image captures this transition moment between traditional and modern in Brazilian agribusiness.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is sugarcane burning done?

Burning is done to remove dry leaves and venomous animals, making manual cutting easier and increasing worker productivity.

Is controlled burning legal?

Yes, but with restrictions. In São Paulo, Law 11.241/2002 provides for a gradual elimination of burning in mechanizable areas by 2031, being allowed only on steep slopes or small properties.

What are the environmental impacts of sugarcane burning?

It releases smoke, particulate matter, and greenhouse gases, contributing to air pollution and climate change, as well as affecting respiratory health of nearby communities.