Sugarcane field with controlled burn at sunset in countryside

Scene of a sugarcane field undergoing a controlled burn at sunset in the São Paulo countryside.

About this subject

Controlled burning of sugarcane fields is a traditional agricultural practice in Brazil, especially in São Paulo state, the country's largest producer. Performed before manual harvesting, the burn removes straw and dry leaves, making cutting easier and reducing risks from venomous animals. Despite environmental and health concerns, this technique is still used in areas where mechanization is not feasible. Sunset is a common time for burning because milder winds and higher humidity help control the flames. The contrast between fire, orange sky, and dark vegetation creates a striking landscape. This practice is gradually being replaced by mechanized harvesting, which eliminates the need for burning and reduces carbon emissions.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is sugarcane burning done?

Controlled burning removes straw and dry leaves, making manual harvesting easier and reducing the risk of accidents with venomous animals in the field.

Is controlled burning legal?

Yes, but with restrictions. In São Paulo, Law 11.241/2002 establishes a phased elimination of burning, with a target of eradication by 2031 in mechanizable areas.

What is the environmental impact of sugarcane burning?

Burning releases greenhouse gases and particulate matter, harming air quality and respiratory health. Therefore, there are incentives for mechanized harvesting without burning.