Pelican flying low water

Pelican flying low over water, using air currents to glide with minimal effort while hunting.

About this subject

Pelicans are water birds famous for their distinctive flight and fishing techniques. They belong to the family Pelecanidae, with eight species found across all continents except Antarctica. One of their most remarkable skills is flying low over the water surface, using ground effect to glide with minimal energy expenditure. This behavior is common when searching for schools of fish, as the birds sweep over coastal areas or inland waters.

Low-altitude flight allows pelicans to detect fish near the surface. Using sharp eyesight, they dive or extend their bill to capture prey. The most iconic species is the American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos), which can reach a wingspan of 1.8 meters. In Brazil, the brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is common along the coastline, especially in the Northeast region.

Interestingly, a pelican's bill can hold up to 13 liters of water, acting as a net to filter out fish. This adaptation is crucial for group feeding, as many pelicans hunt cooperatively, forming lines that push fish into shallow water. Low flight over water also aids in visual communication and thermoregulation, as the proximity to water helps maintain body temperature.

Despite their clumsy appearance on land, pelicans are exceptional gliders. They can travel hundreds of kilometers in search of food, using thermal currents to gain altitude and then gliding long distances without flapping. This flight style, combined with their unmistakable silhouette, makes them a symbol of freedom and adaptability in coastal environments.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why do pelicans fly so close to the water?

They use ground effect, which reduces aerodynamic drag, saving energy during flight. It also helps them spot fish near the surface.

What's the difference between white and brown pelicans?

The American white pelican (Pelecanus erythrorhynchos) is larger, with white plumage and an orange bill, common in North America. The brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) is smaller, brown, and inhabits American coasts, including Brazil.

Can pelicans store water in their beaks?

Yes, their bill has a distensible pouch that can hold up to 13 liters of water, used to filter out fish and crustaceans. It is not for drinking but for capturing prey.