Parker solar probe sun

The Parker Solar Probe is the first spacecraft to orbit the Sun's outer atmosphere, gathering unprecedented data on solar wind and magnetic fields.

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Launched by NASA in 2018, the Parker Solar Probe's primary mission is to study the solar corona, the Sun's outer atmosphere which is millions of degrees hotter than its visible surface. The spacecraft is engineered to endure extreme temperatures up to 1,370 degrees Celsius while its internal instruments remain at room temperature thanks to a carbon foam heat shield 11.5 cm thick.

During its progressive close approaches, the Parker Solar Probe has already surpassed the record speed of 635,000 km/h (393,000 mph), making it the fastest human-made object ever. This is achieved through gravity assists from Venus, gradually tightening its orbit.

The probe collects direct measurements of charged particles, magnetic fields, and plasma waves, helping to solve mysteries such as why the corona is hotter than the surface and how solar wind is accelerated to supersonic speeds. Its data is vital for predicting solar storms that can affect satellites, communications, and power grids on Earth.

The mission is planned to last until 2025, featuring seven flybys of Venus and 24 close passes of the Sun. It is named after astrophysicist Eugene Parker, who predicted the solar wind in the 1950s, marking the first time NASA has named a mission after a living scientist.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the maximum speed reached by the Parker Solar Probe?

The Parker Solar Probe has reached about 635,000 km/h (393,000 mph), the record for fastest human-made object.

How does the Parker Solar Probe survive the extreme heat of the Sun?

It uses a carbon foam heat shield that is 11.5 cm thick, keeping internal instruments at room temperature even when external temperatures reach 1,370 °C.

How long will the Parker Solar Probe mission last?

The mission is planned to last until 2025, performing 24 close approaches to the Sun and seven flybys of Venus.