Orange grove with truck collecting fresh fruit

Orange grove with truck collecting fresh fruit on an overcast day, a typical scene of Brazilian citrus farming.

About this subject

Brazil is the world's largest orange producer, accounting for about 30% of global production, with the state of São Paulo responsible for approximately 80% of the national output. Mechanized harvesting, as depicted in the image, is common on large farms, where trucks travel through the groves to collect freshly picked fruit, usually destined for the juice industry. The Pera orange, the most cultivated variety in the country, is the foundation of orange juice exported worldwide. The subtropical climate and fertile soil of the São Paulo citrus belt favor cultivation, which also generates seasonal jobs for thousands of rural workers. On overcast days, harvesting is especially advantageous because the fruits stay fresher and work is less strenuous for employees. Brazilian citrus farming faces challenges such as greening (HLB), a disease that reduces productivity, but investments in research and integrated management have kept the country at the forefront of the sector.

Frequently Asked Questions

How important is orange to the Brazilian economy?

Orange is one of Brazil's main agricultural commodities. The country is the world leader in orange juice production and export, generating billions of dollars in revenue and employing thousands of workers, especially in São Paulo state.

How is orange harvesting done in Brazil?

Harvesting can be manual or mechanized. In mechanized harvesting, workers pick the oranges and place them in trucks that drive through the grove, as shown in the image. Overcast days are favorable because the fruit stays fresh.

What are the main challenges of Brazilian citrus farming?

The main challenge is greening (HLB), a bacterial disease that affects groves. Other issues include pests like citrus canker and the need for sustainable management to reduce pesticide use.