Olive leaf macro detail

Macro detail of olive leaf shows epidermis, trichomes and veins of Olea europaea, a millennial tree cultivated in the Mediterranean.

About this subject

The olive tree (Olea europaea) is a symbol of Mediterranean culture, cultivated for over 6,000 years. The leaf is lanceolate, with a dark green upper surface and a silvery underside due to trichomes that reflect light and reduce water loss. These leaves are opposite, leathery, with a prominent midrib and a lifespan of 2 to 3 years. Stomata are concentrated on the underside, an adaptation to the dry Mediterranean climate.

Beyond olives and olive oil, olive leaves are used in extracts and teas with antioxidant and antihypertensive properties, thanks to the compound oleuropein. In agriculture, the olive tree is resilient and grown in temperate and subtropical regions, including southern Brazil, where olive oil production has been increasing.

The olive leaf is mentioned in the Bible and Greek mythology as a symbol of peace and wisdom. Its shape has inspired architectural and artistic designs. Moreover, macroscopic leaf analysis helps identify olive varieties, aiding in phytotechnics and cultivar conservation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the function of trichomes on olive leaves?

Trichomes are protective hairs that reflect sunlight, reduce water loss through transpiration, and help defend the leaf against herbivores and pathogens.

How to use olive leaves for tea?

Pick fresh leaves, wash them, and let them dry in the shade. Boil 5 to 10 leaves in 300 ml of water for 5 minutes, strain, and drink. The tea has a bitter taste due to oleuropein.

Where is the olive tree cultivated in Brazil?

Olive trees are mainly cultivated in Rio Grande do Sul, in temperate regions like the Serra Gaúcha, and to a lesser extent in Santa Catarina and Minas Gerais.