Motherboard atx detail

Close-up of an ATX motherboard, the central component of desktop computers, housing the CPU, memory, and expansion slots.

About this subject

The ATX motherboard is a form factor standard introduced by Intel in 1995, replacing the older AT. With dimensions of 305 mm by 244 mm, it became the most common format for desktop computers for decades. Its architecture arranges the CPU socket, RAM slots, PCIe expansion slots, chipset, and power connectors in a layout optimized for airflow and access. The chipset, divided into northbridge and southbridge (or platform controller hub), manages communication between CPU, memory, storage, and peripherals. Manufacturers like Intel and AMD develop specific chipsets for their platforms, determining features such as overclocking support, number of USB and SATA ports. The evolution of buses, from PCI to PCIe, and the integration of functions like onboard audio and networking made the ATX motherboard a modular and versatile component. Despite competition from smaller form factors like microATX and mini-ITX, ATX remains the choice for those seeking more expansion slots and better thermal dissipation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does ATX stand for?

ATX stands for Advanced Technology Extended, a motherboard form factor standard created by Intel in 1995 to replace the AT format.

What are the main differences between ATX and microATX?

The main difference is size: ATX is 305x244 mm, while microATX is 244x244 mm. microATX has fewer expansion slots (usually 4 vs. 7) and may have fewer I/O ports, but it is more compact.

Why do motherboards have different chipsets?

Chipsets control features like overclocking support, number of USB, SATA, and M.2 ports, as well as CPU compatibility. Different chipsets cater to market segments (entry-level, mid-range, high-performance).