Cyrillic script medieval

The medieval Cyrillic script, created in the First Bulgarian Empire, became the foundation for writing many Slavic and non-Slavic languages.

About this subject

The Cyrillic script was developed in the 9th century, likely by disciples of Saints Cyril and Methodius, in the First Bulgarian Empire (modern-day Bulgaria). While Glagolitic was the first Slavic alphabet, Cyrillic derived from Greek uncial, adapted for Slavic sounds. The medieval version, known as Old Church Slavonic Cyrillic, was used in religious manuscripts and official documents until the 17th century. Its spread accompanied the Christianization of Eastern and Southern Slavs. Works such as the Bologna Psalter and the Ostromir Gospels exemplify medieval Cyrillic calligraphy. Over time, regional variations emerged, including Russian, Serbian, and Bulgarian Cyrillic. Peter the Great’s reform in the early 18th century simplified letters, but the medieval basis remains visible in the modern alphabet. Today, Cyrillic is used by over 250 million people, and its medieval heritage is studied in Slavic paleography.

Frequently Asked Questions

When and where was the medieval Cyrillic script created?

The Cyrillic script was created in the 9th century in the First Bulgarian Empire, likely by disciples of Cyril and Methodius.

What is the difference between medieval and modern Cyrillic?

Medieval Cyrillic had more ornate letters and was used mainly for Church Slavonic. The modern alphabet was simplified by reforms such as Peter the Great's.

Is medieval Cyrillic still used today?

Not in everyday use, but it is studied in paleography and preserved in liturgical texts of the Slavic Orthodox Church.