Cpu chip pin grid

CPU chip in PGA (Pin Grid Array) package, a technology connecting the processor to the motherboard via metallic pins.

About this subject

The PGA (Pin Grid Array) package was widely used in desktop and server processors, especially in the 1990s and 2000s. In this format, pins are located on the underside of the chip, fitting into a socket on the motherboard. Intel adopted PGA for its Pentium and Core 2 Duo processors, while AMD maintained the standard until the Ryzen 1000 and 2000 series, with sockets AM3+ and AM4. The main advantage of PGA is the ease of replacing the processor, as the pins are on the chip and the socket is simpler. However, bent or broken pins can render the chip unusable. PGA manufacturing involves mounting a pin array of metal, usually copper or nickel alloy, soldered to the processor substrate. The number of pins varies by model: for example, the AMD Ryzen 7 2700X uses an AM4 socket with 1331 pins. With increasing connection density, Intel migrated to LGA (Land Grid Array) starting with Core i, where pins are on the socket, reducing chip damage. AMD, from Ryzen 3000 onward, adopted LGA for AM5 sockets, abandoning PGA. Still, many embedded and low-cost processors continue using PGA for cost and robustness reasons.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between PGA and LGA?

In PGA (Pin Grid Array), the pins are on the processor and fit into holes on the socket. In LGA (Land Grid Array), the pins are on the socket and the processor has flat contacts. LGA reduces the risk of damaging the chip but requires more expensive sockets.

How many pins does an AMD Ryzen 7 2700X processor have?

The AMD Ryzen 7 2700X uses the AM4 socket, which has 1331 pins in PGA format.

Why did Intel switch from PGA to LGA for its processors?

Intel migrated to LGA starting with the Core i architecture to increase connection density, improve signal integrity, and reduce the likelihood of bent pins on the processor, which caused failures. LGA also allows closer contacts, essential for high frequencies.