Cell animation paper

Special paper with registration holes used in traditional frame-by-frame animation, essential for classic cartoon production.

About this subject

Animation paper is a specially crafted paper for traditional cartoon frame-by-frame production. Its most distinctive feature is the registration holes, typically two or three, which fit onto pegs on a light table, ensuring that all drawings in a scene are perfectly aligned. This alignment is critical for creating smooth motion when frames are filmed or scanned in sequence.

Historically, studios like Disney and Warner Bros. used vast quantities of this paper. Animators drew keyframes and inbetweens on numbered sheets. The most common size was 12-field (about 10 x 12 inches), but larger sizes like 16-field also existed. The paper had to be durable enough to withstand multiple erasures and later be transferred to acetate cels for inking and painting.

With the rise of digital animation, the use of paper has declined sharply. However, many independent animators and traditional studios still rely on it, valuing the hand-drawn line and tactile experience. Animation paper is also used in techniques like pixilation and stop-motion with paper cutouts. Interestingly, registration hole patterns follow international standards, such as the Acme punch, which uses three holes, two round and one oval, to prevent paper rotation.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the holes in animation paper for?

The holes align the sheets on pegs of a light table, ensuring all drawings in a scene are in the exact same position, preventing jitter in the final motion.

How is animation paper different from regular paper?

Animation paper has standardized registration holes and a specific weight (usually 90, 110 gsm) that withstands erasing without damage. Regular paper lacks these holes and may not be as durable.

Is animation paper still used today?

Yes, although most productions are digital, many independent animators and traditional 2D studios still use it, especially in workshops, independent cinema, and hybrid techniques like scanning hand-drawn frames.