Calculadora de Energia Hidrelétrica
- Created by
- Renato Passos, Eng. de Software
- Reviewed by
- Renato Passos, Eng. de Software
Last updated: Apr 18, 2026
Formula
P = ρ × g × h × Q × η; ρ=1000 kg/m³; g=9,81 m/s²; η=eficiência
About this calculator
This calculator estimates the electrical power generated by a hydroelectric plant based on two main parameters: water head (height of water fall in meters) and flow rate (cubic meters per second). The formula used is P = ρ × g × h × Q × η, where ρ is water density (1000 kg/m³), g is gravity acceleration (9.81 m/s²), h is head, Q is flow rate, and η is system efficiency (value between 0 and 1). The result is given in watts, which can be converted to kilowatts or megawatts.
Operation is simple: enter the head and flow values, plus the expected efficiency (typically between 0.7 and 0.9 for modern turbines). The calculator applies the formula and displays the generated power. Keep in mind that this is a theoretical estimate, as factors like hydraulic losses, seasonal flow variations, and real turbine conditions can affect the final result.
This tool is useful for engineering students, renewable energy professionals, and enthusiasts who want to size small hydropower plants (SHP) or assess the potential of a site. It can also be used in educational projects to demonstrate the conversion of hydraulic potential energy into electricity. Remember that in practice, more detailed studies are required for real projects.
Frequently asked questions
What does efficiency mean in the formula?
Efficiency (η) represents the percentage of hydraulic energy converted into electricity. Typical values for modern turbines range from 70% to 90%.
Can I use this calculator for a large-scale plant?
Yes, but remember it provides a theoretical estimate. Real plants consider additional losses such as pipe friction and seasonal flow variations.
What unit is the generated power shown in?
The result is displayed in watts, kilowatts, and megawatts. You can use the automatic conversion available in the calculator.
Do I need technical knowledge to use it?
No, just enter the head, flow, and efficiency values. The calculator does the rest. However, understanding the concepts helps interpret the results.
Does the calculator consider the turbine type?
No. The turbine type affects efficiency, but you can adjust the η value to reflect the chosen turbine (e.g., Francis, Pelton, Kaplan).