Osiris-rex bennu asteroid

NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission collected samples from asteroid Bennu, a near-Earth object that may hold secrets about the formation of the solar system.

About this subject

The OSIRIS-REx mission (Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, Security, Regolith Explorer) was launched by NASA in 2016 to study the asteroid Bennu, a carbonaceous B-type near-Earth object. In October 2020, the spacecraft collected approximately 250 grams of regolith using the TAGSAM robotic arm. The sample return capsule landed in the Utah desert in September 2023, marking the first time the United States retrieved material from an asteroid.

Bennu is about 500 meters in diameter and has a spinning-top shape. Its surface is rich in carbon and contains hydrated minerals, indicating past water activity. These characteristics make Bennu a primitive object that can provide clues about the organic compounds that may have contributed to life on Earth. It is believed that asteroids like Bennu delivered water and organic matter to our early planet.

The fisheye image captures the OSIRIS-REx spacecraft approaching Bennu, highlighting its irregular texture and dark coloration. The mission also mapped the surface in detail, revealing large boulders and craters. Bennu is classified as a potentially hazardous asteroid, but studies show a low probability of impact in the next centuries.

The success of OSIRIS-REx paves the way for future sample-return missions and the study of space resources. The samples will be analyzed for decades, complementing results from Japan's Hayabusa2 mission, which brought material from asteroid Ryugu. Together, these missions are revolutionizing our understanding of the solar system's formation and the origin of life.

Frequently Asked Questions

What was the main discovery of OSIRIS-REx?

The mission confirmed that Bennu has a carbon-rich surface and hydrated minerals, suggesting asteroids may have delivered water and organic compounds to early Earth.

Why was Bennu chosen for sample collection?

Bennu is a well-characterized near-Earth asteroid with high carbon content. Its orbit is well known, making rendezvous easier, and its samples may offer clues about the early solar system.

How was the sample collected and returned?

The spacecraft used the TAGSAM robotic arm to touch the surface for a few seconds, injecting nitrogen gas to stir up regolith and collect it. The return capsule landed in the Utah desert on September 24, 2023.