Itaipu hydroelectric dam aerial view with massive water release

Aerial view of the Itaipu hydroelectric dam with spillway in operation, releasing a massive volume of water on the border between Brazil and Paraguay.

About this subject

The Itaipu hydroelectric dam, located on the Paraná River at the border between Brazil and Paraguay, is one of the world's largest power generators. Inaugurated in 1984, its construction involved a binational agreement and mobilized about 40,000 workers. The dam is 7,919 meters long and 196 meters high, forming a reservoir that extends over 1,350 km².

The Itaipu spillway is an essential safety structure designed to release excess water during flood periods. With a maximum capacity of 62,200 m³/s, equivalent to 40 times the average flow of Iguazu Falls, its operation is a spectacle of engineering and natural power. The water is discharged at speeds exceeding 100 km/h, creating a curtain of vapor visible for kilometers.

The plant supplies about 10% of Brazil's energy consumption and 90% of Paraguay's. In 2023, Itaipu reached the milestone of 3 billion megawatt-hours generated since operations began, a world record for a hydroelectric plant. Beyond power generation, the complex houses a visitor center that receives over 500,000 tourists annually, interested in learning about the project's magnitude and its environmental and social impact.

Spillway operation is rare and typically occurs during heavy rainfall, such as in summer. The last significant activation was in October 2023, when the reservoir level reached 98.8% of capacity. The aerial image captures this impressive moment, highlighting the monumental scale of the structure amid the lush green landscape of the region.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the total generation capacity of the Itaipu dam?

Itaipu has an installed capacity of 14,000 MW, with 20 generating units of 700 MW each. In 2023, it generated about 80 million MWh.

How often is the Itaipu spillway opened?

The spillway is activated only during flood periods when the reservoir level exceeds 98% capacity. This occurs on average every 2 to 3 years.

Is Itaipu considered one of the modern wonders of engineering?

Yes, the plant is often listed among the great engineering works of the world, alongside the Panama Canal and the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge, for its scale and construction complexity.