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The concertina is a free-reed musical instrument, known for its distinctive sound and use in folk and classical music.

About this subject

The concertina is a free-reed instrument invented in 1829 by English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone. Unlike the accordion, which has a keyboard or buttons for each hand, the concertina features a hexagonal or square shape with rows of buttons. Sound is produced by air flowing over metal reeds as the bellows are squeezed or expanded. There are two main types: the English concertina, which is unisonoric (same note on push and pull), and the Anglo-German, which is bisonoric (different notes).

The concertina gained prominence in Irish and English folk music during the 19th century, becoming a staple for rural dances and traditional sessions. Later, it was adopted by Argentine tango musicians, such as in Astor Piazzolla's ensembles, and also appeared in classical compositions by Charles Ives. Its versatility allows for both fast, cheerful melodies and melancholic passages.

The instrument has a delicate construction, with steel or bronze reeds mounted on metal plates. The bellows, made of cardboard and leather, require careful maintenance to avoid leaks. The concertina is smaller and more portable than the accordion, making it ideal for traveling musicians. Although it declined in popularity in the early 20th century, it has experienced a revival among folk and experimental musicians, valued for its unique timbre and expressiveness.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a concertina and an accordion?

The concertina is smaller and hexagonal or square, with buttons in rows, while the accordion has a keyboard or buttons for the right hand and buttons for the left hand. The concertina is also lighter and produces a sharper, more penetrating sound.

What famous songs feature the concertina?

The concertina is prominent in Irish folk songs like 'The Irish Washerwoman', tangos like 'Adiós Nonino' by Astor Piazzolla, and classical pieces like 'The Unanswered Question' by Charles Ives.

What does a concertina sound like?

The concertina has a clear, penetrating sound with a vocal and expressive quality. Depending on the type and playing style, it can sound sweet and melancholic or bright and rhythmic, resembling a miniature accordion.