Calculadora de Ponto de Fusão

This calculator determines the freezing point of a solution using the principle of freezing point depression. Freezing point depression is the decrease in the freezing temperature of a solvent when a solute is added. The formula used is ΔTf = Kf × m × i, where ΔTf is the change in freezing point, Kf is the cryoscopic constant of the solvent, m is the molality of the solution, and i is the van't Hoff factor (number of particles the solute dissociates into). The final freezing point is calculated by subtracting ΔTf from the freezing point of the pure solvent (Tf₀).

How to use: enter the cryoscopic constant of the solvent (Kf), the molality of the solution (m), the van't Hoff factor (i), and the freezing point of the pure solvent (Tf₀). The calculator provides ΔTf and the new freezing point of the solution. Practical examples include determining the freezing point of antifreeze solutions in cars or calculating the solidification temperature of artisanal ice creams, where adding sugar lowers the freezing point.

Precautions: ensure consistent units. Molality is in mol/kg, and Kf is usually given in °C·kg/mol. The factor i depends on the solute type: for non-electrolytes (e.g., sucrose), i = 1; for electrolytes (e.g., NaCl), i is approximately equal to the number of ions, but may be lower due to ion pairing. Remember that the formula is valid for ideal dilute solutions; deviations may occur at high concentrations.