Ruby red gemstone

Rubies are intense red gemstones, a variety of corundum, known for their hardness and rarity, prized in jewelry and history.

About this subject

Ruby is a red variety of the mineral corundum (crystalline aluminum oxide), whose characteristic color comes from chromium impurities in its crystal lattice. With a hardness of 9 on the Mohs scale, ruby is one of the hardest gemstones, second only to diamond. It forms in metamorphic rocks such as marble and in alluvial deposits, especially in regions like Myanmar (formerly Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, and East Africa.

Historically, ruby has been associated with power, protection, and passion. In ancient India, it was considered the "king of gemstones" and believed to grant invincibility to its owner. Burmese rubies, in particular, are famous for their "pigeon's blood" color, a vivid red with a slight bluish tint, considered the most valuable. The largest gem-quality ruby ever found is the "Sunrise Ruby," weighing 25.59 carats, sold for over 30 million dollars.

Beyond beauty, synthetic rubies have been produced since the 19th century using methods like the Verneuil process, used in watches and lasers. Synthetic corundum is also employed in optical and electronic components for its durability. Distinction between natural and synthetic rubies is made through inclusion analysis and fluorescence. Ruby is the official gemstone of Montana (USA) and symbolizes the 40th wedding anniversary.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between natural and synthetic ruby?

Natural rubies are formed in nature over millions of years, while synthetic ones are created in a lab using methods like the Verneuil process. Both have identical chemical composition, but synthetics usually have fewer inclusions and can be distinguished by gemological techniques, such as strong fluorescence under UV light.

What does 'pigeon's blood' color mean in rubies?

It is the most valued red color in rubies, a vivid red with a slight bluish tint reminiscent of pigeon's blood. This term is mainly used for high-quality rubies from Myanmar, and these gems fetch exceptionally high prices at auctions.

Is ruby a precious or semi-precious stone?

Ruby is classified as one of the four traditional precious stones, along with diamond, sapphire (also corundum), and emerald. Its rarity, hardness, and intense color make it extremely valuable and coveted in fine jewelry.