Red square moscow

Red Square in Moscow is one of the most iconic symbols of Russia, the historic and political heart of the country.

About this subject

Red Square, located in the heart of Moscow, is one of the most famous squares in the world. Measuring approximately 330 meters long and 70 meters wide, it separates the Kremlin, the ancient fortress and seat of the Russian government, from the historic commercial district of Kitay-gorod. The name "Red" does not derive from the color of bricks or communism, but from the Old Russian word "krasnaya," which meant both "beautiful" and "red." Originally a marketplace and meeting place, it has become the stage for political, military, and religious events over the centuries.

Among the buildings surrounding it is Saint Basil's Cathedral, with its colorful onion domes, built by Ivan the Terrible between 1555 and 1561 to celebrate the conquest of the Khanate of Kazan. Another highlight is Lenin's Mausoleum, where the embalmed body of Vladimir Lenin has been on display since 1924. The square also houses the State Historical Museum on the north side and the iconic Resurrection Gate leading into Red Square. Since 1990, Red Square and the Kremlin have been a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The square served as the setting for military parades during the Soviet era, including the famous 1941 parade when soldiers marched directly to the front line against Nazi Germany. Today, it is one of the most visited tourist destinations in Russia, attracting millions annually. Nighttime illumination highlights its architectural beauty, and events like the International Military Music Festival "Spasskaya Tower" take place there. Despite its fame, the square has undergone transformations: in the 20th century, the Neglinka River was channeled underneath it, and tsarist monuments were removed.

Interestingly, Red Square is not a perfect rectangle but an irregular area that widens near the Kremlin. It was once called "Pozhar" (fire) due to frequent fires that destroyed wooden stalls. Today, it symbolizes Russia's historical continuity, from the tsars to the modern era.

Frequently Asked Questions

Why is Red Square called 'Red'?

The name comes from the Old Russian word 'krasnaya,' which meant both 'beautiful' and 'red,' and is not directly related to the color of bricks or communism.

What important buildings are on Red Square?

The square houses Saint Basil's Cathedral, Lenin's Mausoleum, the State Historical Museum, and the Resurrection Gate, and it adjoins the Kremlin.

Is Red Square a UNESCO World Heritage site?

Yes, since 1990, Red Square and the Kremlin have been a UNESCO World Heritage site.