Chinese cash coins string

A string of Chinese cash coins, featuring a square hole, has symbolized prosperity and protection in East Asia for centuries.

About this subject

Chinese cash coins, known as qián (钱) in Mandarin, are round coins with a square hole in the center, a design reflecting the Chinese cosmological view: round heaven (tiān yuán) and square earth (dì fāng). They were minted for over two millennia, beginning around 221 BC under Emperor Qin Shi Huang, who standardized the Ban Liang coin. The hole allowed coins to be threaded on strings for easy transport, hence the term "cash coins string". Each string typically contained 100 coins, but the value varied by dynasty.

Symbolically, these coins are considered lucky charms for wealth and protection. In Feng Shui, a string of cash coins tied with a red ribbon is used to attract prosperity and ward off negative energy. During Chinese New Year, coins are placed in red envelopes (hóngbāo) as gifts. Cash coins also appear in wedding decorations and at temples, where they are hung for blessings.

Historically, most cash coins were made of bronze or brass, with an inscription indicating the emperor's reign, usually in four characters. Collectors classify them by dynasty, rarity, and calligraphy. Coins from the Tang (618, 907) and Song (960, 1279) dynasties are particularly common. Though Europeans called them "cash" in the 17th century, adapting the Tamil word "kāsu", the cash coin monetary system remained official until the end of the Qing dynasty in 1911.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are Chinese cash coins?

They are round coins with a square hole, used in China for over 2,000 years until 1911. The name "cash" comes from European traders.

What was the square hole for?

It allowed coins to be threaded on strings for transport and counting. It also symbolized the union of round heaven and square earth in Chinese cosmology.

Are cash coins still used today?

Yes, as good luck charms in Feng Shui, in New Year decorations, and at weddings. They have no current monetary value but are collectible.