Sobre o tema
A substituição vocabular é uma habilidade essencial em provas de compreensão de leitura, especialmente em língua inglesa. Ela exige que o candidato identifique o significado de palavras ou expressões no contexto do texto, reconhecendo sinônimos ou paráfrases que não alterem o sentido original. Questões desse tipo testam tanto o vocabulário quanto a capacidade de inferência, já que uma mesma palavra pode ter múltiplos significados dependendo do uso. No ITA, dominar essa técnica é crucial para obter um bom desempenho em inglês, pois as questões frequentemente exploram nuances semânticas e expressões idiomáticas. Além disso, o entendimento do tema central do texto, como o impacto da tecnologia no trabalho, ajuda a contextualizar as escolhas vocabulares.
Tópicos relacionados
- Substituição vocabular em inglês
- Sinônimos e contexto
- Compreensão de leitura no ITA
- Machinery question e inteligência artificial
- Vocabulário acadêmico em provas
Enunciado
Experts warn that "the substitution of machinery for human labour" may "render the population
redundant". They worry that "the discovery of this mighty power" has come "before we knew how to
employ it rightly". Such fears are expressed today by those who worry that advances in artificial
intelligence (AI) could destroy millions of jobs and pose a "Terminator"-style threat to humanity. But
these are in fact the words of commentators discussing mechanisation and steam power two centuries
ago. Back then the controversy over the dangers posed by machines was known as the "machinery
question". Now a very similar debate is under way.
After many false dawns, AI has made extraordinary progress in the past few years, thanks to
a versatile technique called "deep learning". Given enough data, large (or "deep") neural networks,
modelled on the brain's architecture, can be trained to do all kinds of things. They power Google's
search engine, Facebook's automatic photo tagging, Apple's voice assistant, Amazon's shopping
recommendations and Tesla's self-driving cars. But this rapid progress has also led to concerns about
safety and job losses. Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk and others wonder whether AI could get out of
control, precipitating a sci-fi conflict between people and machines. Others worry that AI will cause
widespread unemployment, by automating cognitive tasks that could previously be done only by
people. After 200 years, the machinery question is back. It needs to be answered.
Fonte: https://www.economist.com/leaders/2016/06/25/march-of-the-machines. Adaptado. Acesso em
agosto de 2019.
A palavra sublinhada nos trechos retirados do texto pode ser substituída, sem alteração de
significado, pela palavra ou expressão da segunda coluna, exceto em:
Alternativas
- A)
render the population redundant unnecessary.
- B)
pose a "Terminator"-style threat to humanity intim idation.
- C)
After many false daw ns break of days.
- D)
this rapid progress has also led to concerns disregards.
- E)
AI will cause w idespread unemployment far-reaching. 12 As questões de 33 a 35 referem-se ao texto destacado a seguir. If there is any doubt about the persistent power of literature in the face of digital culture, it should be banished by the recent climb of George Orwell's 1984 up the Amazon "Movers and Shakers" list. There is much that's resonant for us in Orwell's dystopia in the face of Edward Snowden's revelations about the NSA [...]. We look to 1984 as a clear cautionary tale, even a prophecy, of systematic abuse of power taken to the end of the line. [...] However, after "THE END" of his dystopian novel 1984, George Orwell includes another chapter, an appendix, called "The Principles of Newspeak." Since it has the trappings of a tedious scholarly treatise, readers often skip the appendix. But it changes our whole understanding of the novel. Written from some unspecified point in the future, it suggests that Big Brother was eventually defeated. The victory is attributed not to individual rebels or to The Brotherhood, an anonymous resistance group, but rather to language itself. The appendix details Oceania's attempt to replace Oldspeak, or English, with Newspeak, a linguistic shorthand that reduces the world of ideas to a set of simple, stark words. "The whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought." It will render dissent "literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it." Fonte: Frost, Laura. http://qz.com/95696. Adaptado. Acesso em agosto de 2019.
Avaliar: +1 XP. Favoritar: salva pra revisar. Comentar: +5 XP + 1 credito IA.
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Perguntas frequentes
Como identificar o sinônimo correto de uma palavra em um texto?
O contexto é fundamental: observe as palavras ao redor e o sentido geral da frase. Considere se a palavra tem um significado denotativo ou conotativo e verifique se a opção proposta mantém a mesma ideia.
Qual a importância da substituição vocabular em provas de inglês?
Ela avalia se o candidato compreende o texto além do sentido literal, sendo capaz de reconhecer variações linguísticas e expressões equivalentes sem alterar o significado original.
O que é a 'machinery question' mencionada no texto?
Refere-se ao debate histórico sobre os efeitos da mecanização e do vapor no emprego, que ressurge hoje com a inteligência artificial, gerando preocupações sobre desemprego tecnológico.
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